--- VAPT: The Definitive Guide | Psyberbull
Global Capability Center

Precision
Adversarial Simulation.

Vulnerability Assessment & Penetration Testing (VAPT) is not just a compliance checkbox. It is the rigorous, scientific process of identifying logic flaws before they become headlines.

01 / The Core Concept

Beyond "Running a Scan"

In the modern cybersecurity landscape, organizations often confuse Assessment with Testing. While they are often sold together as "VAPT", they serve fundamentally different functions in your defense strategy.

Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is a breadth-first approach. It is designed to identify as many known vulnerabilities as possible (e.g., outdated software, missing patches, default configurations) using automated tools. It is wide, but shallow.

Penetration Testing (PT), however, is a depth-first approach. It simulates a specific adversary (e.g., a disgruntled employee, a ransomware group) attempting to exploit those vulnerabilities to achieve a business-critical goal (e.g., "Steal the database", "Shut down the factory"). It is narrow, but deep.

Metric
Vulnerability Assessment
Penetration Testing
Scope
Broad (Breadth-first)
Deep (Depth-first)
Methodology
Automated Scanning
Manual Exploitation
Focus
Identifying known vulnerabilities
Simulating real-world attacks
False Positives
High
Zero (Manually Verified)
Outcome
List of potential risks
Proof of Concept (PoC) & Impact
02 / Service Capabilities

The Attack Surface

01. Web Application Security

Modern web applications are complex ecosystems. We focus on Business Logic Vulnerabilities—errors in the design that allow legitimate features to be abused. We simulate an attacker manually intercepting and manipulating requests to bypass client-side controls.

Key Assessment Areas:

  • Injection (SQLi, NoSQLi, SSTI)
  • Broken Access Control (IDOR)
  • Server-Side Request Forgery
  • Insecure Deserialization
Repeater: /api/checkoutFORWARD
POST /api/verifyPayment HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "id": 4821,
  "amount": 0.01,
  "status": "pending"
}
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "success": true,
  "message": "Shipped",
  "tracking": "Z981-XJ"
}
[!] CRITICAL: Parameter Tampering Success
USER A
ID: 101
GET /profile/101
200 OK
Own Data
ATTACKER
ID: 101
GET /profile/102
200 OK
VICTIM DATA
Fig 2.1: Broken Object Level Authorization

02. API Security

APIs are the most dangerously exposed surface. We assess APIs against the OWASP API Security Top 10. Our focus is on BOLA (Broken Object Level Authorization), verifying if authorization checks are performed for every specific object ID.

Key Assessment Areas:

  • Broken Function Level Authorization
  • Mass Assignment
  • Excessive Data Exposure
  • Improper Assets Management

03. Mobile Application Security

We test iOS (IPA) and Android (APK) using OWASP MASVS. We use dynamic instrumentation tools like Frida to inject scripts into the running process, bypassing root detection and SSL pinning to analyze encrypted traffic.

Techniques Employed:

  • SSL Pinning Bypass
  • Root/Jailbreak Detection
  • Hardcoded Secrets
  • Insecure Local Storage
  • Runtime Hooking
user@pentest-box: ~
$ frida -U -f com.banking.app -l bypass_root.js
[+] Spawning com.banking.app...
[+] Loading script...
[.] Hooking RootDetection.check()...
[+] Root check intercepted!
    Original Return: true (Rooted)
    Patched Return:  false (Clean)
[SUCCESS] App launched. Root detection bypassed.
GuestWorkstationHasSessionAdmin UserDOMAIN CTRLDCSync
BloodHound: Lateral Movement Path

04. Network & Cloud

We map your internal trust relationships. In the Cloud, we validate configurations against CIS Benchmarks. On-premise, we look for attack paths in Active Directory that allow a Guest user to escalate to Domain Admin via weak ACLs or GPOs.

Key Assessment Areas:

  • External & Internal PT
  • Cloud Config Review (S3, IAM)
  • Active Directory (BloodHound Analysis)

05. IoT & Embedded Security

We physically dismantle devices to access hardware debug interfaces like UART and JTAG. We extract firmware directly from flash memory chips, reverse engineer the binaries, and gain root shell access to the device OS.

Hardware Hacking Logic:

  • UART/JTAG Debugging
  • Firmware Extraction
  • BLE/Zigbee Attacks
BAUDRATE: 115200
U-Boot 2022.04 (May 14 2024 - 11:22:33)
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc075] revision 5 (ARMv7)
DRAM: 512 MiB
MMC: OMAP SD/MMC: 0, OMAP SD/MMC: 1
Loading Environment from MMC... OK

Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 80200000 ...
   Image Name: Linux-5.4.10
...
Starting kernel ...
cam_v2 login: root
Password:

root@smart-cam:~# cat /etc/shadow
root:$6$rounds=4096$v... (Hash Dumped)
03 / Execution Standard

The Engagement Lifecycle

01

Pre-Engagement

Defining scope, rules of engagement (RoE), and legal authorization.

Scope Definition (IPs/Domains)
Rules of Engagement (RoE)
NDA & Legal Authorization
Escalation Matrix Setup
02

Intelligence Gathering

OSINT, passive reconnaissance, and attack surface mapping.

Passive Recon (OSINT)
DNS & Subdomain Enumeration
Tech Stack Analysis
Employee/Email Harvesting
03

Threat Modeling

Identifying high-value assets and potential adversary paths.

Asset Valuation
Attack Vector Mapping
Business Logic Analysis
Risk Scoring Strategy
04

Vulnerability Analysis

Automated and manual discovery of potential weaknesses.

Automated Scanning (Nessus/Burp)
Manual Logic Testing
API Endpoint Fuzzing
Misconfiguration Check
05

Exploitation

Active attempts to compromise systems using identified flaws.

Safe Exploitation Attempts
Payload Customization
WAF/IDS Evasion
Proof of Concept (PoC)
06

Post-Exploitation

Lateral movement, privilege escalation, and persistence simulation.

Privilege Escalation
Lateral Movement
Data Exfiltration Test
Persistence (If Scoped)
07

Reporting

Detailed documentation of findings, risks, and remediation steps.

Executive Summary
Technical Deep Dive
Risk Impact Analysis
Remediation Guidance

Standards Aligned

Our methodology is not ad-hoc. It is strictly aligned with globally recognized frameworks to ensure your reports are accepted by auditors and regulators worldwide.

OWASP

Open Web Application Security Project (Top 10, ASVS, MASVS)

Top 10 VulnsAPI SecurityASVS L2 Checks

NIST 800-115

Technical Guide to Information Security Testing and Assessment

Rules of EngagementAttack ExecutionPost-Exploitation

PTES

Penetration Testing Execution Standard

Intelligence GatheringThreat ModelingVuln Analysis

OSSTMM

Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual

Operational SecurityTrust AnalysisSocial Engineering

CWE/SANS

Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Errors

Memory SafetyInput ValidationResource Management

Compliance Mapping

PCI-DSS 4.0Requirement 11.3

External & Internal Penetration Testing required at least annually and after any significant change.

ISO 27001:2022Annex A.8.8

Management of technical vulnerabilities requiring regular information gathering (VAPT).

SOC 2 Type IICC4.1

Management uses a variety of detection and monitoring procedures (Vuln Scanning) to identify anomalies.

GDPRArticle 32

Process for regularly testing, assessing and evaluating the effectiveness of technical measures.

HIPAA§164.308(a)(8)

Perform a periodic technical and non-technical evaluation in response to environmental or operational changes.

World-Class Arsenal

Validated Expertise

Our team holds the industry's most respected certifications and utilizes widely adopted enterprise-grade tooling.

OSCP
OffSec Certified Professional
OSEP
OffSec Experienced Pentester
CISSP
Certified Information Systems Security Professional
GXPN
GIAC Exploit Researcher and Advanced Penetration Tester
CREST
Council of Registered Ethical Security Testers
CRTOP
Certified Red Team Operations Professional
CISA
Certified Information Systems Auditor
AWS-S
AWS Certified Security - Specialty
Burp Suite ProWeb
Tenable NessusVuln
Qualys GuardVuln
AcunetixWeb
Cobalt StrikeRed Team
Brute RatelRed Team
Metasploit ProExploit
CrowdStrikeEDR Test
FridaMobile
BloodHoundAD
MaltegoOSINT

Limitless Arsenal This is just a fraction of our capability. We deploy 50+ proprietary & commercial tools like Recon-ng, Hashcat, Wireshark, and custom exploits tailored to your stack.

Transparency is Key.

Don't just take our word for it. Download a sanitized sample report to see the depth of our findings, executive summaries, and remediation guidance.

PDF Format • 2.4 MB

04 / Questions & Answers

Frequently Asked Questions

A Vulnerability Scan is an automated, breadth-first search for known issues (low cost, high false positives). VAPT includes Penetration Testing, which is a manual, depth-first simulation of a human adversary attempting to exploit logic flaws and business process errors that scanners miss.
We have an 'Immediate Escalation Protocol'. If we find a Critical Risk (e.g., RCE, SQLi with data loss), we pause testing and notify your POC within 4 hours via encrypted channels, ensuring you can patch it before the final report is even released.
We prioritize safety. We use 'Safe Exploitation' techniques and rate-limit our scanners. Denial or Service (DoS) and stress tests are ONLY performed if explicitly authorized and scheduled during maintenance windows.
Yes. Our reports are mapped directly to compliance frameworks. For PCI-DSS 4.0 (Req 11.3), SOC 2, and ISO 27001, we provide the specific 'Attestation of Penetration Testing' required by auditors.
A typical Web App assessment takes 1-2 weeks. Large network or Red Team operations can take 3-6 weeks. We provide a guaranteed timeline during the scoping phase and adhere to it strictly.
Absolutely. Every engagement includes a complimentary 'Re-Test' period (typically within 30 days). We verify your patches and issue a final 'Clean Report' and 'Safe-to-Host' certificate upon success.
We recommend 'Gray Box' (credentialed) testing for the highest ROI. It allows us to test internal user logic (RBAC, IDOR) that an external 'Black Box' attacker might miss but a malicious insider would find.
Yes. Our team members hold industry-standard certifications including OSCP (Offensive Security), CREST, CISSP, and CEH. We do not farm out work to unvetted freelancers.
Global Defense Units Relying on Psyberbull

Trusted by security professionals across leading global organizations

Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo
Brand Logo

Validate Your Resilience.

The question is not if you have vulnerabilities, but who will find them first. Schedule a scoping call with our Lead Pentesters today.